p 51 mustang vs messerschmitt me 262

So 158 Me262's were shot down in the air by fighters, and of these between 60 and 74 % were P-51 Mustangs. The fight against the Third Reich ended on May 8, 1945, but the fight for equality lasted longer. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. The Me 262, on the other hand, was designed with jet engines from the beginning, making it faster and more powerful than the P-51. Some were destroyed with a tactic known to the Tempest 135 Wing as the "Rat Scramble": Tempests on immediate alert took off when an Me 262 was reported airborne. Red Tails: P-51 Mustang vs Messerschmitt Me 262 After a brief clash between the Americans and other Me 262s that had no result, ten-kill air ace Oberleutnant (Lt. Col.) Franz Kulp flew straight at Brown. Whether taking down Nazis or wowing crowds at air shows, the P-51 Mustang always knew how to make an impact. Amazon.com: FDCSYP Military Drills Poster P 51 Mustang Vs Messerschmitt The attack on the bombers was ineffective because of the prompt action of my flight in breaking up the attack. The six .50-caliber M2 machine guns of Browns P-51 had torn the German jet fighter apart. [ref: Fighting Hitlers Jets by Robert Dorr] In some cases both USAAF & RAF claim the same Me262, and in one case it is not clear which type of aircraft the squadron (RAF 403) was using, hence the fractions. See also this old Google Groups thread, probably back from Usenet times: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rec.aviation.military/L7m7gZlpnKQ. P-47 Thunderbolt was gigantic. It only takes a minute to sign up. To be fair the opponents the North American Aviation Pursuit 51 D Mustang series battled were Messerschmitt Bf-109 Gustavs (Mid and Late series) and Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Dora series. (#D144,938 in June 4, 1946). This title explores the formidable Me 262 and P-51 Mustang, two planes which represented the state-of-the-art in terms of design, performance, and combat capability for their respective air forces. B-17 waist or turret gunners perhaps? he shot down a Soviet MIG jet. As the jets began to move across Answer (1 of 17): Some interesting fighters are often overlooked in discussions of three "1st generation" jets: the Me 262 (operational from 1944), F-86 (1949) and MiG-15 (1949). Me 262s vs P-51 Mustangs: rare WWII color combat footage 13:12. The P-51 could only achieve speeds of up to 437 miles per hour. The famous P-51 Mustang served many purposes during World War II and beyond. I think the battles of Layette Gulf and Philippine Sea must seriously boost the Hellcat's ratio as by this time the aircraft it faced were largely outdated and flown by inexperienced pilots. While it had rocket fuel, a Me-163 was untouchable -- but after it burned its rocket-fuel, Me-163 was defenseless. This was made using the World War II flight simulator IL-2 Sturmovik Great Battles series. (f-106deltadart.com). - Use code TJ3Gaming for a discount on all their products! possibly he may have chosen it if requirements called for two-seats. The Messerschmitt Me 262 was the world's first fully operational turbojet fighter and saw service in the later years of World War Two. His adversary, a jet with a steel blue-gray camouflage, Lane wrote later, was piloted by 7-kill ace Leutnant (2nd Lt.) Alfred Ambs. Feb 1, 2010 Thread starter #7 Zniperguy114 Airman 67 0 On March 18th, 1945, 37 Me 262s of JG7 intercepted a force of 1,221 bombers and 632 escorting fighters. Red Tails- P-51 Mustang vs Messerschmitt Me 262. Learn how your comment data is processed. Actual top speed depends on altitude and other factors. Its one disadvantage -- its climb-rate wasn't good -- was solved in light-weight P-51H. Trials of P-51 proved it kept its speed during a dive because of its low drag 2nd Lt. Charles V. Brantley became the second 332nd pilot to engage an Me 262. turbo-chargers muffled its engines and exhausts were placed behind pilot. This style emphasised good manoeuvrability and turning radius, which fighters such as the Spitfire, BF-109, Yak-3 etc had in spades. Thanks for contributing an answer to History Stack Exchange! In terms of design, both planes had sleek, aerodynamic shapes that made them fast and agile. If you have any questions please contact us. He commented that the jet fuel's inflammability "made a kill almost certain when it was in your sights" - he commented that they had to carry a lot of fuel. > Gloster Meteors of 77 Squadron RA. the Mustang. [ref: Wagner, McLaren]. Having said that, I bet nightfighters such as the Beaufighter, Uhu and Black Widow got some pretty impressive ratios; I don't believe any P-61 was lost to enemy aircraft. Meanwhile, in the P-51, fitted with the In that way the Mustang would have equal We easily out-maneuvered him, and when he dived pass us, I realized the enemy aircraft was jet-propelled. The pilot concluded his account by warning starkly that, Care should be taken when breaking into this type of aircraft. Misunderstandings about Twin Mustang was it The African-American airmen had long ago proven that they could fly and fight, and that they could escort bombers, but the battle in which they bagged three German jets clinched the deal. North American NA-73 (Prototyp fr die in Serie gehende P-51 Mustang) 25. They have a saying that excellence is the antidote to prejudice, he said, so, once you show you can do it, some of the barriers will come down.. 1 x cannon in propeller hub The attack on the bombers was ineffective because of the prompt action of my flight in breaking up the attack.. So, when attacked by jets, the '51 pilot would have to only P-51 Mustang fighter pilot to shoot down a MiG 15. The Me 262 destroyed, Werk-Nr 170093 was flown by Hauptman Hans Christoff Buttmann of 3./KG 51. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. [ref: koreanwar.org] Clicking on "Accept" authorises all profiling cookies. Note that he wearing a promotional hat for the movie Red Tails which incorporated his story. was doing around 350 mph, and the jet was doing 450. With visibility more than 100 kilometers (60 miles) Mutke easily spotted the P-51. Is it correct to use "the" before "materials used in making buildings are"? 13:12. the two planes,' said Jim Cook, master crew chief at the Pacific What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? Reich airspace, and back, for well over 1,000 miles. The Me 262 and P-51 Mustang represented the state-of-the-art in terms of design, performance and combat capability for their respective air forces. I am not sure but I believe the P-51 had a 9:1 kill ratio and if you include ground kills it is 11:1. highest kill ratio | Aircraft of World War II - WW2Aircraft.net Forums but it had important innovations from which it excelled. Messerschmitt Me 262 - Wikipedia (LA Times)] Many incorrectly believe propeller P-51s were totally outclassed, and much slower, than Me-262 jets. US F-51 pilots trained against US jets and mentioned that scoring a hit on a MiG-15 would be very difficult: In terms of speed, the Me 262 had a significant advantage it reached speeds of up to 702 Mph, making it the first operational jet fighter in history. Up to 1,000 lbs (454kg) of bombs, rockets or fuel droptanks. Making its operational debut in the summer of 1944, and powered by the Jumo 004 jet engine, the Me 262 outclassed anything the Allies had in terms of speed and firepower. Though if only counting the Me-262 shot down in actual combat then the kill/loss figure rises dramatically. Its power and grace make it a popular choice for air shows and one heck of a joyride for any lucky pilot lucky enough to take the controls. The first production variant, the Me 262A-1a, entered service in July 1944.This variant, nicknamed Schwalbe (German: "Swallow"), was powered by two 8.8 kN (1,980 lbf) Jumo 004B-1 engines and was armed with four 30 mm MK 108 cannons in the nose.. A single Me 262A-1a/U1 was built with an increased nose armament of two 20 mm (0.787 in) MG 151 cannons, two 30 mm (1.181 in) MK 103 cannons, and two . ", [ref: Flying to the Limit by Peter Caygill] Kelly Johnson drew and considered a twin-fuselage design similar to Twin Mustang, At high-altitude, FW-190 became vulnerable as it lost performance and maneuverability. The ace shot down a four-engined bomber and a P-51 for his 257th Fair enough, I stand corrected. ME 262 vs. P-51 | WWII Forums What sort of strategies would a medieval military use against a fantasy giant? Its elliptical wings made Spitfire beautiful and turn more tightly. [ref: Air Force Airman Winter 2007] How did a top Soviet ace shoot down American planes during WWII? Although innovative in 1935, by 1943, Me-109 was out-classed. 1:08. Bf-109 vs Zero Me-609, This is because the brushless setup is not working very hard compared to the brushed motor. (E) 2 x 20mm Hispano cannons and 2 x 12.7mm Browning heavy machine guns OR 4 x 7.7mm Browning machine guns in wings. All rights reserved. This is due to the tremendous speed of the enemy aircraft.. But sometimes, said 332nd pilot Roscoe Brown, we wondered if we had the support of those behind us. The AAF had plenty of officers like Col. (later, Gen.) William Spike Momyer who wrote that black pilots were inferior, and Maj. Gen. Edwin House, commander of XII Air Support Command Momyers boss who wrote, the Negro type has not the proper reflexes to make a first class fighter pilot. Other leaders expressed this view in a prewar Army report, The Use of Negro Manpower in War often quoted during Black History Month which said that black men are very low on the scale of human evolution.. During March, Me 262 fighter units delivered large scale attacks on Allied bomber formations. so Mustang would've been blown to bits! v ABSTRACT The purposes of this study were to trace the evolution of the North American P-51 Mustang as an escort fighter in World War Two and to enumerate the reasons why it played . how in 1945 surviving German pilots continued to fight even though over 500 alone are accredited to JG 7 but that is too high. but it's a pretty good book ;-), I may take a look at that book, thanks. US Air Force (af.mil): (The figures are not totally reliable. . To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. defensive maneuver. The nemesis of P-51 wasn't the jet Me-262 -- it was the radial-engine FW-190. [ref: P-51 shot down MiG-15 ?? Very good article, one that needs to be repeated again and again. fw-190-wurger. I kept horsing back on the stick and my bullets (B) 2 x 20mm Hispano cannons and 4 x 7.7mm Browning machine guns in wings. The Yak-9? In fact, the Mustang would prove to be the P-51 and F-80 jet were definitely outclassed by near-supersonic MiG-15. Unlike wing-heavy Me-262, Me-163 was very agile. P-51 Mustang vs ME 262 Jet Fighter: Gun Camera footage, March - YouTube Drew flew his P-51 (C) 4 x 20mm Hispano cannons in wings. 2023 - Comparison - BVR - Dogfight. So fast and hard to catch that the P-51 pilots were only able to follow the a/c on landing or wait in squadron strength for the sleek birds to take off..aka "Rat Catching". P-47 didn't have a propeller cone like FW-190 or Sea Fury had to reduce drag. gun and for the moment, eliminating the enemy's advantage of speed. while later Nowotnys crackling voice was heard over the radio. swooped down. "On November 8, 1950, the then Capt. in two sections and the plane rolled over and went into a flat spin. Get the best aviation news, stories and features from The Aviation Geek Club in our newsletter, delivered straight to your inbox. Star Citizen Consolidated Outland Mustang 2948. This commission helps us to maintain and improve the forum for the benefit of our users. There is a massive scope there to unlock more speed with . Personal Data collected: NonePlace of processing: Ireland Privacy PolicyOpt Out. It is unclear who was flying the Me 262, Shopping Cart: 0 item(s) / $0 . section of the enemy aircraft. All of a sudden at nine oclock I saw these streaks. The 332nd Fighter Group is briefed on what to expect as they head north from Italy. Messerschmitt Me 262 Messerschmitt Me 262 A-1a Wehrmacht Luftwaffe (German Air Force 1935-1945) 111711 (Hans Fay) May 1945 World War 2 - Frankfurt Silver. North American P-51 Mustang North American P-51B Mustang US Army Air Forces (1941-1947) 336 FS, 4 FG VF*U Missouri Mauler (Capt. MiGs, and they were so much faster. As the summer faded away into fall, encounters between Allied fighters and jet jobs slowly increased, but there was something of a cat-and-mouse nature about them. ), North American P-51H Mustang by David McLaren, Pilot Training Manual for the P-51 Mustang, video: "Eighth Air Force Fighter Combat vs ME-163 Rocket-Propelled and ME-162 Jet-Propelled Aircraft", P-51 shot down MiG-15 ?? F-35 Lightning II vs F/A-18E Super Hornet, F-35 Lightning II vs F-16E Fighting Falcon BLOCK 60. Bf-109 vs P-38 a6m-zero. You might also like. Forced to defend himself, he shot down two P-51 Mustang fighters. However, in 1945, light-weight P-51H Mustangs were ready that could reach 490..500MPH. It just fought differently. The P-51, on the other hand, is a more traditional design. Report. flying 170 missions in a P-51 Mustang, a piston-engine plane in which state-of-the-art in terms of design, performance and combat capability for On 25 February 1945, Mustangs of the 55th Fighter Group surprised an entire Staffel of Me 262As at takeoff and destroyed six jets. A P-51 faster than a ME-262? Captured on a USAAF P-51 Mustang gun camera - A Luftwaffe Me 262A being shot down (the pilot has already bailed out) in 1945 (Photo Source: Wikipedia - Impact Magazine, a . out. Library of Congress photo. . Today, it remains a beloved plane among aviation enthusiasts and war history buffs. And finally, lets not forget about aesthetics the sleek lines and swept wings of the Me 262 are pretty distinct from the boxy shape and straight branches of the P-51. Three other Me 262s, flown by Oberleutnant Paul Bley, The Messerschmitt Me-262 was the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. But there is historical curiosity at stake :-). Meet The Original Mustang: The P-51 - hotcars.com All quotes listed here are from the Wiki article referenced above. kill while flying in his piston-engine F-51D Mustang named Buckeye Nowotnys last words, though garbled, Bf 109 vs P-51 Mustangs - Feldgrau.net The Messerschmitt Me 262 Schwalbe (English: "Swallow") was the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft. he took a lucky shot at them.'". ). https://teespring.com/stores/tj3-gaming-merchCheck out my sponsor Tobii Eyetracking here! [ref: Caygill]. intercept enemy bombers attacking oil targets. A quick Google, Your answer could be improved with additional supporting information. ", f-106deltadart.com: Where they failed was in designing practical airplanes using available technology and materials. Even the P51 Mustang, which escorted the bomber formations, would not have kept up with the Me 262. the second Me 262 when he was about 1,000ft off the ground. Something else entirely? Mustangs believed to have been flown by 1 Lt Edward Buddy Haydon of Over Western Europe there wasn't such a discrepancy in pilot training or aircraft performance even at the end of the war. Luftwaffe fighter arms nemesis. As a result, Me 262 pilots were relatively safe from the Allied fighters, as long as they did not allow themselves to get drawn into low-speed turning contests and saved their maneuvering for higher speeds. koreanwar.org: All data presented is for entertainment purposes and should not be used operationally. crept up the fuselage to the cockpit. Worse was to come on the afternoon of Nov. the east-west runway and the taxiing ship got into position for a formation Which one of the two, the P-51 Mustang or the BF 109, did win - Quora The P-51D Mustang? How would the Messerschmitt Me 262 fare against Korean War era - Quora Why did few French and no Dutch pilots (but many Poles and Czechs) take part in the Battle of Britain? The Me 262 was also faster and more innovative than the P-51. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Wartime Me 262 Pilot Said He Flew Faster Than Sound (A) 8 x 7.7mm Browning machine guns in wings. Historically, why did the US station their nuclear weapons in Germany for delivery through German pilots? Luftwaffe airfields identified as jet bases were frequently bombed by medium bombers, and Allied fighters patrolled over the fields to attack jets trying to land On 7 October 1944, Lt. Urban Drew of the 365th Fighter Group shot down two Me 262s that were taking off, while on the same day Lt. Col. Hubert Zemke, who had transferred to the Mustang equipped 479th Fighter Group, shot down what he thought was a Bf 109, only to have his gun camera film reveal that it may have been an Me 262. Me 262 vs P-51 Mustang : Europe 1944-45 - books.google.com External Bombload of up to 1,200lbs, 2 x 20mm Cannons (in addition to existing 4 x 30mm cannons) @PieterGeerkens agreed, likely statisctically insignificant (it could depend on the number combinations of aircraft that actually engaged the 262, and of those numbers which percentage emerged the more victorious, but even so, these are small numbers so yeah, not much statistical significance could be attached). My way being that the P-51 is probaly in the top five piston fighter aircraft in history, and yes, that is also an opinion, But the Me 262 is the first, truely sucessful jet ever. The Messerschmitt Me 262 Schwalbe ("Swallow") was a German aircraft, the world's first operational jet-powered fighter . The P-51 Mustang and the Messerschmitt Me-262 were two of the most advanced fighters to see air combat in World War II. Browse more videos. Mustang Vs. Spitfire - Which Was Best? | Flite Test Thank you for your support! P-51 vs Bf-109 P-51 vs Bf-109 Airplanes armament and equipment 4 x 20mm long-barrel Hispano-Suiza cannons in wings, 2 x 12.7mm machine guns in nose 4 x 12.7mm machine guns in wingsP-51D: 6 x .50 cal machine guns in wings Up to 1,000 lbs (454kg) of bombs, rockets or fuel droptanks. an equal footing, despite the differences in powerplant and top speed. However, the initial prototypes did not meet performance expectations. To confront the bombers and fighters, Jagdgeschwader 7 (Fighter Group 7) Nowotny, launched 30 Messerschmitt Me 262s from Brandenburg Briest near Berlin. mission of any strength was not mounted until the 7th, when a formation of Me FW-190 had an engine as powerful as P-47 Thunderbolt but was sleeker and smaller. Footage courtesy of Bill Jaskelainen, Webmaster of 339th Fighter Group Website http://www.339thfg.com/On March 20th, 1945, 451 bombers and 355 fighters of th. 5 years ago. film, was eventually credited with the destruction of two Me 262s. As you can imagine, that was a scary sight as Me 262s were kept top secret and until then not many . AVIATIA - Aircraft specifications and performance - comparison site. But which fighter was better? The Messerschmitt Me 262, nicknamed Schwalbe (German: "Swallow") in fighter versions, or Sturmvogel (German: "Storm Bird") in fighter-bomber versions, is a fighter aircraft and fighter-bomber that was designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer Messerschmitt.It was the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft.. Many escorting P-51 pilots shot down Me-262s by simply doing a Split-S maneuver Me-262's top speed was reported as 515MPH or 540MPH P-38 Lightning [ref: P-51 shot down MiG-15 ?? Try the F-15 Eagle. In the Pacific the Hellcat was 19:1 and the Corsair was 11:1. Hope you enjoy! Hans Mehn was pursued by Mustangs back to his base and he shot down as he attempted to land. ground on his back at about a 60-degree angle. the Tuskegee Airmen flew their longest mission of the war, it enabled the bombers to go a longer distance into Germany and destroy their infrastructure, in which critical work was performed by American factory workers who were black and white, all mingled together on the factory floor, History of Army Corps of Engineers Projects: Missile and Space Programs to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, How 80 Coast Guardsmen Saved an Alaskan Town During Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1919, 100th Anniversary of the American Aircraft Carrier, Digital Magazine, Command Failure: Lloyd Fredendall and the Battle of Kasserine Pass, Tactical Napping and Other Tips to Sleep Well On Deployment, Warrior Transition Units Become Soldier Recovery Units, SB-1 Defiant Expands Flight Envelope | Video, Top Military Shots DEC 13, 2019 | Photo Gallery, Top Military Shots Oct 18, 2019 | Photo Gallery, National K-9 Veterans Day | Photo Gallery, Top Military Shots DEC 5, 2019 | Photo Gallery, Top Military Shots Nov 15, 2019 | Photo Gallery, Top Military Shots Oct 24, 2019 | Photo Gallery. Messerschmitt Me 262, WerkNr. 111711, Wright Field (1945) As I closed on him, I (Air Force af.mil)] 3:53. Size: 1624inch(4060cm) 1218inch(3045cm) 1624inch(4060cm) . WinbiTV. Im sure that more Me 262s were shot down because the ideology was to get the Mes in landing when they were slow and did not turn well, called "rat catching". which collapsed under the P-51s machine gun fire, but it may have been 8 minutes read. There is a newer edition of the book, but I do not have it.). Tuskegee Airmen vs. Me-262s | Defense Media Network The Allies soon learned to attack the 262s when they were the most vulnerable, and most 262 kills by Allied aircraft were during takeoff or landing, or on the ground (where many of them sat, due to lack of fuel and qualified pilots towards the end of the war). History Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for historians and history buffs. This was probably Leutnant Koberts Its innovative design inspired many modern aircraft today. indicated that his aircraft was hit and on fire, and seconds later he crashed while laminar-winged Mustang was designed to fly optimally at 400+MPH. For a few moments he monitored their progress: The lead ship was in take-off position on planes that were apparently destroyed twice. (arlingtoncemetry.net)] degrees deflection at 300 yards and my bullets were just hitting the tail Personal data that are processed:Tracker; Usage Data. In this case, if data were to be transferred to the US, it would not be your personal data but anonymous data that cannot be traced back to you in any way. Highest kill ratio ever ? Spitfire had same engine, but despite being smaller, was slower than Mustang. The aim was to attack jets on their landing approach, when they were at their most vulnerable, travelling slowly, with flaps down and incapable of rapid acceleration. The P-51 has a more traditional look with its straight wings and boxy shape. I did not see the pilot bail to haul back on the stick to stay with him.. Piper PA-48 Enforcer. Siegfried Schubert claimed one B-17 of the 92nd Bomb Group (Lt. Koehler piloting) damaged and another (42-97571 of of the 457th Bomb Group, Lt. Winifred Pugh piloting) destroyed. Oberfahnrich Russel. The words of general Ion Dobran, a former Romanian Bf . from Joan Romba. A Me-163 pilot descended thru a group of B-17 bombers and picked a straggler. Coast Air Museum in Santa Rosa and an old friend of Col. Rogers. VIII Fighter Command groups accumulated some impressive scores against the Messerschmitt jet fighter. The Mustang was actually in a better position to defend itself in a dogfight with an Me 262 than it was able to fend off Me 262 attacks on bombers. But each pilots skill and resolve, On each bomber crew is depending. Spitfire developed into a different airplane (Spiteful), Messerschmitt Me262A-1A & P-51D Mustang, Airfix A50183 (2021) - Scalemates Which Allied aircraft scored the most air-to-air kills against the Me 262 in WWII? Ambs bailed out at 17,000 feet and came to rest entangled in the branches of a tree. Fw-190 vs P-51. Me 262 vs P-51 Mustang - United States Each fuel drop tank is jettisoned, As the skies they try to cleanse. Hope you enjoy! Why were so few Luftwaffe attacks flown against the Normandy beaches on 6 June 1944? Len Krenzler (actionart.ca) Me-109Z Zwilling in my studies on this crate for over 40 plus years. Red Tails- P-51 Mustang vs Messerschmitt Me 262 WinbiTV Follow Browse more videos Playing next 7:30 FMS 1700mm P-51 Mustang Red Tail with Killer Planes Supermax Crashproofing 5:49 Underground Messerschmitt Me 262 factory "Weingut I" [Vineyard I] Mhldorf am Inn, Germany (May 1945) PVT.Snafu 4:30 Messerschmitt ME-262 A-2a Net Maquettes 43:47 document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. I was indicating Blitz VI. 22 Jets of JG7 got airborne to attack the bombers steam.JG7 claimed 7x B-17s and 1x B-24 this day, however 8th Air force losses were 3x B-17s and 1x B-24, of which 2x B-17s were lost to the ME262s, with 1x B-17 and 1x B-24 shot down by Flak. Messerschmitt Me 262 | World War II Wiki | Fandom Browse more videos. Answer (1 of 8): Here are two tangles between P-51's and ME262's, which typify such engagements. and 258th victories, but as he returned home he was apparently intercepted by The Me 262, on the other hand, was designed with jet engines from the beginning, making it faster and more powerful than the P-51. Me 262 & P-51B, Revell 03711 (2020) - Scalemates The First Engagement Between a P-51 and an Me 262 and the Death of North American P-51 Mustang Messerschmitt Bf 109 Ceiling (m) 12,771 11,125 RATE-OF-CLIMB 3,475 ft/min [Diff.+175 feet] RATE-OF-CLIMB 3,300 ft/min [Diff.-175 feet] North American P-51 Mustang Messerschmitt Bf 109 RoC (ft) 3,475 3,300 ARMAMENT Dependent upon model, includes any of the following: