shattered by the nerve-wracking thumping of drums, the ear-splitting
2023 The City of Albuquerque. Occupational noise exposure 1910.95 New Mexico's DWI statutes clearly contemplate the existence of municipal DWI ordinances in that the statutes discuss the proper interaction between such ordinances and the statutes. 1. (b) It shall be unlawful to use a "muffler cut-out" on any motor vehicle upon a highway. (C) Maximum noise limits established pursuant to division (B) of this section shall be measured on the "A" scale of a standard sound level meter meeting the applicable requirements for a type 2 sound level meter as defined in American national standards institute standard S1.4--1983, or the most recent revision thereof. 2812.2 No person shall use or operate a motor vehicle or a motorcycle having an exhaust system that has been modified or altered in a manner that will amplify or increase the noise emitted by the vehicle above the level permitted under 2811 of this chapter. The defective exhaust system shall be replaced or repaired to restore the exhaust system to the performance specifications of the original equipment. No SPAM. Recital in ordinance not prerequisite to validity. (1) Except as provided in subsection (3), a person may not operate a motor vehicle with an exhaust system that emits a noise in excess of 95 decibels, as measured by the society of automotive engineers' standard j1169 (May 1998). In the last month, there have been five fatal dog bites reported. Forfeiture hearing. -- A person may not use on the exhaust or "tail pipe" of a motor vehicle any extension or other device to cause excessive or unusual noise.
Overview of Landlord-Tenant Laws in New Mexico | Nolo (c) A person may not use a muffler cut-out, bypass, or similar device on a vehicle. (d) Construction or agricultural equipment either on a job site or traveling on the highways. Repeat offenders of the noise ordinance may receive fines. The following are defenses to a violation of subsection 1 or 3. Belen, New Mexico 87002 Find Us on Social Media. Such muffler shall be the muffler originally installed by the manufacturer of the vehicle or, if a replacement, the equivalent thereof. Maximum level, dBA: 94 dBA if model year before 1976; 91 dBA if model year 1976 and after Unfortunately, some municipalities and counties have not made their ordinances available electronically. The official website for the City of Albuquerque. The fact of double regulation does not result in the withdrawal of the municipality's authority to regulate. Individual cities have the power to set their own requirements. (1) Exhaust gas leaks. Hearing Loss Prevention (Noise) (Chapter 296-817, WAC), West Virginia 64-144. How do I stop my neighbors from playing loud music? City may require a druggist to give bond as security that he will obey the law in dispensing liquor, but where the bond is made collectible only upon conviction for violation of the ordinance, it becomes a penalty limited to $300. 90-11. No person shall knowingly operate and no owner shall knowingly cause or permit to be operated any motor vehicle originally equipped or required by any law or regulation of the state or the federal government to be equipped with a noise suppressing system while any part of that system is disconnected or while that system or its operation is modified or altered in any manner, except to conform to the manufacturer's specifications. The most
Law reviews. Both the state law regarding DWI and Section 3-17-1C(2) NMSA 1978 demonstrate by their plain language that the legislature did not intend to preempt the field of DWI legislation and preclude municipalities from enacting DWI ordiances. The engine and power mechanism of every motor vehicle shall be so equipped and adjusted as to prevent the escape of excessive fumes or smoke, or both. stream
625 ILCS 5/12-602. Fines collected under this section by the county shall be paid into the county general fund, and such fines collected by the township shall be paid into the township general fund. Get free summaries of new opinions delivered to your inbox!
City Ordinances - City of Belen (1) A person commits the offense of operation without proper exhaust system if the person drives or moves on any highway or owns and causes or knowingly permits to be driven or moved on any highway a motor vehicle that is not equipped with an exhaust system that meets the requirements under this section. No person shall modify the exhaust system of a motor vehicle in a manner which will amplify or increase the noise emitted by the motor of such vehicle, above that emitted by the muffler originally installed on the vehicle and the original muffler shall comply with all of the requirements of this chapter. Rio Rancho Municipal Code Page 1/1 The Rio Rancho Municipal Code is current through Ordinance 15-18, passed October 28, 2015. (ii) Eighty-six DBA if the maximum lawful speed on the highway or street is not more than 35 miles per hour. Santa Fe County Sheriff Adan Mendoza discusses gun control legislation in 2019 on the House floor. The engine and power mechanism of every motor vehicle shall be so equipped and adjusted as to prevent the escape of excessive fumes or smoke. ________________________________________________________________________ . The Act also serves to. denied, 106 N.M. 174, 740 P.2d 1158. Measured @ 20 inches (0.5 meters) C. enforcing obedience to the ordinances by prosecution in the municipal court and metropolitan courts and upon conviction the imposition of: (1) except for those violations of ordinances described in Paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection, a fine of not more than five hundred dollars ($500) or imprisonment for not more than ninety days or both; (2) for a violation of an ordinance prohibiting driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor or drugs, a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000) or imprisonment for not more than three hundred sixty-four days or both; and. (3) for violations of an industrial user wastewater pretreatment ordinance as required by the United States environmental protection agency, a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000) a day for each violation. (a) Modification that increases sound prohibited. Great strength comes with great numbers. Planning and zoning; military airport and ancillary military facilitys operation compatibility; compliance review; penalty; definitions, 28-8482. An exhaust system is a series of mechanical devices for the purpose of receiving exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine and expelling it into the atmosphere. (a) Vehicles of special interest that are registered under ORS 805.020 and that are: 1963-64 Op. The provisions of this section shall not apply to (i) any antique motor vehicle licensed pursuant to 46.2-730, provided that the engine is comparable to that designed as standard factory equipment for use on that particular vehicle, and the exhaust system is in good working order, or (ii) converted electric vehicles. Brakes, Lights and Other Equipment; Standards. The state had been allowing restaurants and some bars to sell alcoholic beverages to go since the early days of the pandemic, but a new law that went into effect Saturday extends the rule -. If your music can be heard on your neighbor's property any louder than a normal conversation, then it is likely too loud. Noise ordinance. Pet license can also be purchased in 3-year increments according to Rabies expiration date. (2) A muffler is a device consisting of a series of chamber or baffle plates or other mechanical design for the purpose of receiving exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine and effective in reducing noise. denied, 81 N.M. 772, 473 P.2d 911 (decided under prior law). Ordinance 13: Single Payment For Property Taxes Under $10.00 Ordinance 14: Establishing Speed Control On Public Roadways In The County Ordinance 15: Fireworks - Amended Ordinance 19: Moving Of Manufactured Homes In The County Ordinance 22: Cable Television Service Ordinance 26: Fair Housing - Amended Ordinance 29: Tobacco Sales To Minors (1) Every motor vehicle shall at all times be equipped with a muffler in good working order and in constant operation to prevent excessive or unusual noise, and no person shall use a muffler cut-out, bypass, or similar device upon a motor vehicle on a highway. To report a noise complaint during business hours, please call 311. (b) A person may not use a muffler cutout, bypass, or similar device on a motor vehicle. 3342 and ask for Seguridad Pblica). A motor vehicle must be equipped with a muffler or other noise dissipative device that meets the following conditions: gives ordinary people a chance to defend themselves from Acoustic
1968). 4513.22. 13) Exhaust systems--Every street rod shall be equipped with an exhaust system that is free of leaks including the exhaust manifolds (including headers), the piping leading from the flange of the exhaust manifold(s) and the tail piping.
Ordinances | Roosevelt County effective way Ive found to deal with noisy radios and parties is
. Every motor vehicle shall at all times be equipped with such parts and equipment so arranged and kept in such state of repair as to prevent carbon monoxide gas from entering the interior of the vehicle. Occupational noise exposure 1910.95, Massachusetts Ceremonies, Festivals
Accordingly, the
Code Enforcement | The Official Site of Rio Rancho, NM - rrnm.gov No historic motor vehicle shall be required to comply with any performance standard with which it was not legally required to achieve or comply when it was manufactured. 113, 1; 1993, ch. No person shall operate a motor vehicle with an exhaust system so modified. (e) Fire equipment and racing vehicles. 55-9-202 Mufflers -- Muffler cutouts prohibited -- Penalty. Exclusive garbage contract. The city of Roswell has authority to enact a traffic ordinance and prescribe a penalty for a violation of same by including payment of fine or imprisonment, or both, as long as the penalties and the imprisonment do not exceed the sum of $300 or 90 days in jail, or both. Occupational noise exposure 1910.95, Chapter 42. Excessive noise, especially from amplifiers turned up to their maximum
4 0 obj
(a) No person shall modify the exhaust system of a motor vehicle in a manner which will amplify or increase the noise emitted by the motor of the vehicle so that the vehicle is not in compliance with the provisions of Section 27150 or exceeds the noise limits established for the type of vehicle in Article 2.5 (commencing with Section 27200). Noise ordinances are laws which limit the allowable noise level (s) at different times of day for different zoned areas (i.e. 45/.^N08bItM-=~ Title 47 12-402.
For more information about the legal concepts addressed by these cases and statutes, visit FindLaw's Learn About the Law. No. However, Laws 1990, ch.
New Mexico Statutes :: US Codes and Statutes - Justia Law No. No person shall use a muffler cutout, bypass or similar device upon a vehicle on a highway. Incorporation of sound attenuation standards in building codes, Arkansas (a) No person shall modify the exhaust system of a motor vehicle or any other noise-abatement device of a motor vehicle operated or to be operated upon the highways of this state in such a manner that the noise emitted by the motor vehicle is above that emitted by the vehicle as originally manufactured.
Municipal & County Ordinances - New Mexico Legal Research Guide Speed Limit over 35 mph: 82 mph. NOM-081-SEMARNAT-1994 de la Ley General del Equilibrio Ecolgico y la
Saturday night, a few minutes later our sweet dreams would be cruelly
Amplification prohibited. (1) The exhaust system shall include the piping leading from the flange of the exhaust manifold to and including the muffler or mufflers and tail pipes; Occupational noise exposure 1910.95, Texas the same sort of results anywhere in the country by calling 066 (if you
There is no authority that municipal officers may delegate their authority regarding the conduct of municipal affairs to a state official in whose appointment they have no voice and over whom they have no control.
Ordinances | Eddy County, NM 1. SEMARNAT norm, you should never hear noise as loud as this (60.5
(2) The engine and power mechanism of every motor vehicle shall be so equipped and adjusted as to prevent the escape of excessive fumes or smoke. City of Hobbs v. Biswell, 1970-NMCA-086, 81 N.M. 778, 473 P.2d 917, cert. denied, 81 N.M. 772, 473 P.2d 911. The measurement procedures may include adjustment factors to be applied to the noise limit for measurement distances of other than 50 feet from the center of the lane of travel. 6/11/2016 Las Cruces, NM Code of Ordinances https://www2.municode.com/library/nm/las_cruces/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIIMUCO_CH19OFMIPR_ARTIIIOFAGPUPEORSA . Add your voice to our growing U.S. and Canadian forces united to advance our automotive freedoms. Now includes Sterling Codifiers. Mufflers; cutout prohibited. (b) Operation of improperly modified vehicle prohibited. No fees. (a) The exhaust of every internal combustion engine used on any vessel shall be effectively muffled by equipment so constructed and used as to muffle the noise of the exhaust in a reasonable manner.
New Mexico Disorderly Conduct Laws - FindLaw.com Wearing of crash helmets by motorcycle riders. (2) No muffler or exhaust system on any vehicle mentioned in sub. 0%+s"ECB YXtuPHHC. (3) Deterioration of muffler elements. If your music can be heard on your neighbors property any louder than a normal conversation, then it is likely too loud. (b) Measurement distance. Mufflers and exhaust systems. Therefore,
No. Occupational noise exposure 1910.95, Georgia On and after Jan. 1, 1979: SOFT SITE: Highway Speed Limit 35 MPH or less 72 dB(A). --This section applies to the total noise from a vehicle and shall not be construed as limiting or precluding the enforcement of any other provisions of this chapter relating to motor vehicle mufflers for noise control. Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting. (Supp. google_ad_type = "text_image";
In such a case, the measuring device shall be so calibrated as to provide for measurements equivalent to the noise limit established by this section measured at 50 feet. (A) Every motor vehicle and motorcycle with an internal combustion engine shall at all times be equipped with a muffler which is in good working order and in constant operation to prevent excessive or unusual noise, and no person shall use a muffler cutout, by-pass, or similar device upon a motor vehicle on a highway. I was told that you can supposedly get
Washington, D.C. DMV: What would you do if your neighbor has loud music on and would not turn the volume down? (d) The requirements of subsection (c) of this section shall not apply if the emissions control devices have been removed for the purpose of converting the motor vehicle to operate on natural or liquefied petroleum gas or other modifications have been made in order to reduce air pollution and these modifications are approved by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. google_ad_height = 280;
Talk to your landlord, management company, or HOA. The muffler or mufflers shall be maintained by the owner in good working order and shall be in use whenever the motor vehicle is operated. (d) The provisions of this section shall only apply if there is not a violation of 4311A of this title. 32:353. No. Att'y Gen. No. (a) A motor vehicle shall be equipped at all times with a muffler that is in good working order and that is in constant operation to prevent excessive or unusual noise. 24 hours a day to complain about noise (38 18 2200, extension 3408 or
(a) Prohibition.
Summary of the Noise Control Act | US EPA (b) Each motor vehicle operated by an internal combustion engine shall be equipped, except as hereinafter provided, with a muffler or mufflers designed to prevent excessive, unusual or unnecessary exhaust noise. Speed Limit over 35 mph: 86 dBA.
What time is noise ordinance in New Mexico? - EasyRelocated Loitering on school grounds. Occupational noise exposure 1910.95, North Carolina Department of Transportation Noise Abatement Policy, NorthDakota No.
New Mexico Statutes | FindLaw They typically deal with public safety, health, zoning, public streets and sidewalks, and general welfare. 08-06. For purposes of this subsection, "excessive or unusual noise" includes motor noise emitted by a motor vehicle that is noticeably louder than similar vehicles in the environment. (a) No person shall drive a motor vehicle on any road, street or highway unless the motor vehicle is equipped with a muffler in good working order and in constant operation to prevent excessive or unusual noise and annoying smoke. Over 35 miles per hour: 82 dB(A). (4) A person, either acting for himself or herself or as the agent or employee of another, shall not sell, install, or replace a muffler or exhaust part that causes the motor vehicle to which the muffler or exhaust part is attached to exceed the noise limits established by this act or a rule promulgated under this act. could be that quiet. Vehicles Manufactured:
PDF New Mexico Noise Related Statutes City of Roswell v. Mitchell, 1952-NMSC-027, 56 N.M. 201, 242 P.2d 493. No person shall modify or change the exhaust muffler, the intake muffler, or any other noise-abatement device of a motor vehicle in a manner such that the noise emitted by the motor vehicle is increased above that emitted by the vehicle as originally manufactured. Automobiles, light trucks and all other motor vehicles 10,000 pounds GVWR or less: 45 mph or less 72 dBA.
Municipal Codes | Las Cruces, NM - Las Cruces, New Mexico or I have called them, they have sent a squad car all the way out to my
Noise limits (c) It shall be unlawful to sell or offer for sale any muffler without interior baffle plates or other effective muffling devices or to sell or offer for sale any "gutted muffler," "muffler cutout" or "straight exhaust." New Mexicans for Free Enterprise v. City of Santa Fe, 2006-NMCA-007, 138 N.M. 785, 126 P.3d 1149.
ALAMOGORDO CODE OF ORDINANCES - CITY OF ALAMOGORDO, NEW MEXICO - eLaws if you measure 101 decibels outside a Salon de Eventos, it means they
Reading
Every motor vehicle shall at all times be equipped with a muffler in good working order and in constant operation to prevent excessive or unusual noise. (3) No person shall operate a motor vehicle in such a manner as to cause or allow to be emitted squealing, screeching or other such noise from the tires in contact with the ground because of rapid acceleration or excessive speed around corners or other such reason, except that noise resulting from emergency braking to avoid imminent danger shall be exempt from this provision. Garcia v. Village of Tijeras, 1988-NMCA-090, 108 N.M. 116, 767 P.2d 355, cert. 149 (1990). de la Secretara de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales. (c) Trucks. as quiet aswell, I was going to say Switzerland, but no other country
Weiler v. Carpenter, 695 F.2d 1348 (10th Cir. tough as the new federal ones. TheIFC noise guidelinesare widely accepted and used for developing offsite sound level limits in jurisdictions without regulatory environmental noise criteria, or for proposed projects seeking financing from the World Bank Group or other large-scale financing organizations. Proposed Ordinances 2023 Proposed Ord 2023-xx ALLOWING PERSONS TO LEAVE INFANTS NOT MORE THAN NINETY (90} DAYS OF AGE IN SAFETY DEVICES FOR SURRENDER, UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS, WITHOUT CRIMINAL PROSECUTION FOR ABONDONMENT OR ABUSE OF CHILD; ALLOWING THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF SAFTEY DEVICES FOR THE SURRENDER OF INFANTS. Some also require mandatory microchipping or insurance. Occupational noise exposure 1910.95, Ohio Ordinances are laws passed by a political subdivision of a state such as a city, town, village, county, etc. output, has long been a problem even in the most isolated rural
City of Hobbs The Fireworks Licensing and Safety Act (60-2C-1 et seq. What time is noise ordinance in New Mexico? Ordinances often include prohibitions on excessive noise during specified time periods, such as between the hours of 10:00 pm and 7:00 am on weekdays. and the chirping of crickets.
1. No person shall operate a motor vehicle with an exhaust system so modified.
(b) The engine and power mechanism of every motor vehicle shall be so equipped and adjusted as to prevent the escape of excessive fumes or smoke. R-2022-007, passed 1-1-2022. (a) Every vehicle shall be equipped, maintained and operated so as to prevent excessive or unusual noise. B. NM - Ordinances - Chapter 77. Pit bull dogs.
Ordinances | Carlsbad, New Mexico - Official City Website What decibel level is considered a nuisance? Here are the steps you would take: If youre comfortable with doing so, speak to the offending neighbour directly. Next, they bring the problem home:
remote community of Pinar de la Venta and the noisy offender was
The Environmental Health Department enforces the noise control ordinance in the City of Albuquerque.
P&Z Ordinances/Resolutions - Sandoval County Can we count on you to help preserve the classics of today and tomorrow? Noise Control Regulations: Chapter 20-27, Florida Traffic ordinances. The contents of any site or link not maintained by the City does not necessarily reflect the opinions, standards or policies of the City of Albuquerque, its officials, agents or employees.
New Mexico Statutes Section 3-17-1 (2018) - Justia Law Ordinances that have been adopted by council but have not been added to the Las Cruces Municipal Code (LCMC) can be found here. The New Mexico bill is still in its very early stages, so we will see if it passes and what it may look like in its final form. City of Rio Rancho v. Mazzi, 2010-NMCA-054, 148 N.M. 553, 239 P.3d 149, cert. B. The City assumes no responsibility for the content of the material contained at that site or for the accuracy of any information that is found there. Municipal Corporations 160, 248. Exhaust system and emissions control devices. Farnsworth v. City of Roswell, 1957-NMSC-053, 63 N.M. 195, 315 P.2d 839. >B$ Search and retrieve annotated statutes and court rules, appellate court . They will be added to the LCMC at a future date. Such regulations shall include maximum permissible noise limits measured in decibels, subject to the requirements of this section. 95 Nuisance. (a)Any motor vehicle with a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of ten thousand pounds (10,000 lbs.) Such regulations shall include the selection of measurement sites and measurement procedures and shall take into consideration accepted scientific and professional methods for the measurement of vehicular sound levels. 34.75.010. City of Hobbs v. Chesport, Ltd., 1966-NMSC-158, 76 N.M. 609, 417 P.2d 210. Where parking meter ordinance was enacted primarily as a traffic regulation and not for the revenue incidental thereto, the ordinance is not unconstitutional or otherwise invalid because, incidentally, the city's receipts of money are increased. City of Rio Rancho v. Mazzei, 2010-NMCA-054, 148 N.M. 553, 239 P.3d 149, cert. A noise ordinance which made it unlawful to create any unreasonably loud, disturbing or unnecessary noise or noise of such character, intensity or duration as to be detrimental to the repose, life or health of others and listed certain specific acts that were prohibited was not unconstitutionally vague for failing to specify permissible decibel levels. (1) (a) A vehicle shall be equipped, maintained, and operated to prevent excessive or unusual noise. Table of Resolutions. ORDINANCES - Book 01. For proceedings to enforce violations of ordinances, Article X, Section 6 of the New Mexico Constitution. 27-37-601. https://www.cabq.gov/environmentalhealth/noise, https://www.cabq.gov/environmentalhealth/images/noise-levels.jpg, Environmental Health Department Leadership. No person shall operate a motor vehicle with an exhaust system so modified. Regulation of fireworks.
Animal Laws The engine and power mechanism of every motor vehicle must be so equipped and adjusted as to prevent the escape of excessive fumes or smoke. Right of municipal corporation to review of unfavorable decision in action or prosecution for violation of ordinance - modern status, 11 A.L.R.4th 399. No. 224.30-190 Modification of motor vehicle exhaust system to increase noise prohibited. No person shall use on the exhaust system or tail pipe of a motor vehicle any extension or device which will cause excessive or unusual noise. 60 decibels (dBA) represent the sound
Deming, NM Code of Ordinances CITY CODE of DEMING, NEW MEXICO CITY CODE of DEMING, NEW MEXICO 2001 Code current through: Ord. Maximum Speed Limit Muffler required. K,)ZZlo
jKd7fqe3b427x"7Jwz9~s :&.+g63}$'2HT{Y"7UjZ!1[&*i :YFl\-C0B_Q/?M!kWq: T?=E
{pcr xOWN
E_lc([7G$uW.t+ wORTE Every motor vehicle shall at all times be equipped with a muffler in good working order and in constant operation to prevent excessive or unusual noise and annoying smoke. of a thousand electric drills doesnt come close to the noise output of
If that doesnt do it,
No person shall use a muffler cutout, bypass, or similar device upon a motor vehicle on a highway. (1) No person shall operate any motor vehicle or any combination of such vehicles upon any public highway under any conditions of grade, load, acceleration or deceleration in such a manner as to exceed the maximum permissible sound levels for the category of vehicle in Table I, as measured at a distance of 50 feet (15.2 meters) from the center of the lane of travel within the speed limits specified, under procedures established by the state commission on equipment in chapter 204-56 WAC, 'procedures for measuring motor vehicle sound levels.'. (c) No motor vehicle registered in this State that was manufactured after model year 1967 shall be operated in this State unless it is equipped with emissions control devices that were installed on the vehicle at the time the vehicle was manufactured and these devices are properly connected. From
Ordinance Number O-112 County Gross Receipts Tax Proposed Amendment To Chaves County New Mexico Zoning Ordinance 7 (4) Any enforcement officer who by use of the initial inspection procedures of chapter 204-56 WAC suspects that a motor vehicle may be in violation of the standards of this chapter may require the operator to have the vehicle presented for sound level measurement. Door to door soliciting. The following information is posted here for enthusiasts to learn more about exhaust noise laws in their states. (c) The engine and power mechanism of a motor vehicle shall be equipped and adjusted to prevent the escape of excessive fumes or smoke. There is a delay between when we send it and when they are able to update their system with the new ordinances. (i) Eighty-two DBA if the maximum lawful speed on the highway or street is greater than 35 miles per hour. C. Every registered gasoline-fueled motor vehicle manufactured or assembled, commencing with the 1968 models, shall at all times be equipped and maintained in good working order with the factory-installed devices and equipment or their replacements designed to prevent, reduce or control exhaust emissions or air pollution. More restrictive ordinances.
New Mexico Airbnb Laws Now Include Permit Registration, Noise Ordinance Proteccin al Ambiente; 8, fracciones III y IV del Reglamento Interior
It is, they conclude, convenient to set noise and zoning levels as
62 C.J.S. Administrative Instructions. Every vehicle shall be equipped, maintained, and operated so as to prevent excessive or unusual noise. Under statute municipality may enact motor vehicle ordinances notwithstanding that state statute likewise covers same subject matter and provides penalty for violations. John
A municipality, including a home rule municipality that has adopted a charter pursuant to Article 10, Section 6 of the constitution of New Mexico, may by ordinance: A. define a nuisance, abate a nuisance and impose penalties upon a person who creates or Every motor vehicle having a combustion motor shall at all times be equipped with a muffler in good working order and in constant operation to prevent excessive or unusual noise and no person shall use a muffler cut-out, bypass, or similar device upon a motor vehicle on a highway.