14 days: a timeline article

N. Engl. Its winds are down to about 95 miles an hour (155 kilometers an hour). 173, 268277 (2020). Journal of Curriculum Studies, 34, 173-200. The first confirmed COVID-19 case reported in the U.S. was on January 20, 2020 when a Snohomish County man returned home from Wuhan, China. Here is another example: 2020.48.37.2. Park, J.-E., Jung, S., Kim, A. SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans: a detailed protocol for a serological assay, antigen production, and test setup. jason beghe political views; national wild turkey federation stamp collection; publix fruit cake price; john vandemoer lawyer; Two studies from Casanova and collaborators first published on 24September 2020 showed, unequivocally, that type I interferon induction and signalling have key roles in preventing lethal COVID-19. Staniscuaski, F. et al. Inlate March 2020, physicians in Milan, Italy, described that 20 of 59 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 reported a loss of taste or smell32. Compared with the patients receiving placebo (n=50), the patients receiving inhaled IFN1a (n=51) had greater odds of improvement and recovered more rapidly from SARS-CoV-2 infection135. Enter any date format (time-of-day is optional) for single date events or range events. By the end of February 2020, COVID-19 had already registered 83,652 cases globally16, roughly 10 times the global case count of the entire 20022003 SARS outbreak. Its strongest winds are about 105 miles an hour (170 kilometers an hour). Infect. Pfizer https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-vaccine-candidate-against (2020). Most people who develop COVID-19 start noticing symptoms within 2 to 14 days after being exposed to the coronavirus. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.04.187583 (2020). Pfizer and BioNtech announce vaccine candidate against COVID-19 achieved success in first interim analysis from phase 3 study. Jskelinen, A. J. et al. Can we bring a species back from the brink? 14 Days - A Timeline | The Storm | FRONTLINE | PBS NL63-like and 229E-like viruses have been found in bats162,163,164 and viruses related to HKU1 have been found in rats165. The Holocaust and World War II: Key Dates Bastard, P. et al. Holloway survived Hurricane Camille in August 1969, and he's worried that this hurricane will be as bad or worse than that catastrophic storm. Rev. I make an entry for each date and/or time I come across in my sources. In addition, neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil extracellular traps were found inside the micro-vessels of autopsy samples from patients with COVID-19. Covid-19 quarantine periods can be as short as seven to 10 days for some people, the CDC advised Wednesday, but a 14-day quarantine after Click on the Timeline filter under the Filters section. Nature 584, 334335 (2020). 1) Provide the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion These skeletons may have the answer, Scientists are making advancements in birth controlfor men, Blood cleaning? Various antivirals such as remdesivir, convalescent plasma and anti-inflammatory agents, including tocilizumab, hydroxychloroquine and high-dose steroids, have been the subject of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for COVID-19. ONeill, L. A. J. What reinfections mean for COVID-19. On average, it takes about 5 days to develop symptoms. Kaneko et al.112 attributed the germinal centre defect to impaired differentiation of BCL-6+ T follicular helper (TFH) cells, which were also greatly reduced in number, although other studies have not replicated any reduction in TFH cells or germinal centre responses in patients with severe COVID-19. gw. The eye of the storm is now about 460 miles (740 kilometers) southeast of the mouth of the Mississippi River in Louisiana. "Back when God was around and everything": Elementary children's understanding of historical time. Modernas COVID-19 vaccine candidate meets its primary efficacy endpoint in the first interim analysis of the phase 3 COVE study. IL-6 is central to the pathogenesis of both HLH and CRS and, by early April 2020, several studies had shown a correlation between IL-6 levels and adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 (ref.40). Copyright 2023 WETA Public Broadcasting, Visit WETA's other education websites: Start with a Book|Colorn Colorado|AdLit|LD OnLine, Author Interviews The center of the storm is about 130 miles (210 kilometers) from New Orleans. The vaccine was shown to be safe, with no severe adverse reactions reported, and to induce specific antibody and T cell responses in most participants. and JavaScript. Although the increase in transmissibility is highly concerning, evidence so far indicates that the current vaccines retain significant levels of protection against B.1.1.7. viral load infectious exposure. Washington, DC: National Council for the Social Studies. junio 12, 2022. jonah bobo 2005 . In the case of data that were posted as preprints before peer-reviewed publication, the timeline follows the date of the preprint but the reference list details the peer-reviewed journal publication. 3 a.m.: The storm's center has emerged from the Florida peninsula and starts strengthening almost immediately as it touches the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico. These results support the idea that hyperimmune stimulation is the basis of severe COVID-19 and that immunosuppressive therapy only benefits patients with severe disease. RECOVERY. Science 368, 1016 (2020). Interestingly, it has been shown, atleast in one case, that bovine coronaviruses can infect humans160. For example, see the explanation of world history that Elizabeth dictated to her kindergarten teacher around Thanksgiving when the class was learning about the Pilgrims. J. Med. Google Scholar. April 3: Ontario projects COVID-19 death toll could reach 15,000. Pardi, N., Hogan, M. J., Porter, F. W. & Weissman, D. mRNA vaccines a new era in vaccinology. Long COVID patients turn to unproven treatments, Why evenings can be harder on people with dementia, This disease often goes under-diagnosedunless youre white, This sacred site could be Georgias first national park, See glow-in-the-dark mushrooms in Brazils other rainforest, 9 things to know about Holi, Indias most colorful festival, Anyone can discover a fossil on this beach. 2 March Yet the weather was to throw German plans into disarray. Longitudinal observation and decline of neutralizing antibody responses in the three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. Akiko Iwasaki. Meanwhile, a major levee in New Orleans has failed. Cell 183, 982995.e914 (2020). Updated: Apr 21, 2020. If so, the window of peak infectiousness might be only a few days long, beginning a day or two before symptoms appear, and closing within a week thereafter. Compensatory activation of antibody responses occurs but is insufficient to control disease. J. Med. The first 12 months of COVID-19: a timeline of immunological insights. In late January 2021, phase III trial results for the Novavax vaccine were reported showing 89.3% efficacy in the UK140 and for the Johnson & Johnson Janssen single-shot vaccine showing 66% efficacy139. The second-gen Sonos Beam and other Sonos speakers are on sale at Best Buy. Dis. The guidelines propose specific criteria to be met before the three-phase approach begins: Downward trajectory of both COVID-19-like and influenza-like reported illnesses within a 14-day period. N. Engl. & Crotty, S. Cross-reactive memory T cells and herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2. These vaccines were then approved in several other countries in December 2020 and January 2021. These are historical moments for science and immunology. Immunol. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, Initial report of decreased SARS-CoV-2 viral load after inoculation with the BNT162b2 vaccine, A systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates, The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention, https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200228-sitrep-39-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=5bbf3e7d_4, https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-announces-first-participant-dosed-nih-led-phase-1-study, https://www.sanofi.com/en/media-room/press-releases/2020/2020-04-27-12-58-00, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.07.21249390, https://www.cas.mhra.gov.uk/ViewandAcknowledgment/ViewAlert.aspx?AlertID=103134, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.01.20241364, https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-announces-positive-interim-phase-1-data-its-mrna-vaccine, https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer_and_biontech_dose_first_participants_in_the_u_s_as_part_of_global_covid_19_mrna_vaccine_development_program, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.20227215, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.18.20155374, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.15.383661, https://www.recoverytrial.net/news/statement-from-the-recovery-trial-chief-investigators-15-january-2021-recovery-trial-closes-recruitment-to-convalescent-plasma-treatment-for-patients-hospitalised-with-covid-19, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.21.20216192, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.28.20248807, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.10.20247205, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.21.21249176, https://virological.org/t/preliminary-genomic-characterisation-of-an-emergent-sars-cov-2-lineage-in-the-uk-defined-by-a-novel-set-of-spike-mutations/563, https://www.jnj.com/johnson-johnson-announces-single-shot-janssen-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-met-primary-endpoints-in-interim-analysis-of-its-phase-3-ensemble-trial, https://ir.novavax.com/news-releases/news-release-details/novavax-covid-19-vaccine-demonstrates-893-efficacy-uk-phase-3, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03207-w, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.28.424451, https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-vaccine-candidate-against, https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/modernas-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-meets-its-primary-efficacy, https://sputnikvaccine.com/newsroom/pressreleases/second-interim-analysis-of-clinical-trial-data-showed-a-91-4-efficacy-for-the-sputnik-v-vaccine-on-d/, https://nytimes.com/2020/12/30/business/china-vaccine.html, https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/UAE-announces-Sinopharm-vaccine-has-86-efficacy-against-COVID-19, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-china-vaccine/cansinos-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-approved-for-military-use-in-china-idUSKBN2400DZ, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.04.187583, A strategy for evaluating potential antiviral resistance to small molecule drugs and application to SARS-CoV-2, Microbead-based extracorporeal immuno-affinity virus capture: a feasibility study to address the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Timing of surgery and elective perioperative management of patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection: a SIAARTI expert consensus statement, Summarising data and factors associated with COVID-19 related conspiracy theories in the first year of the pandemic: a systematic review and narrative synthesis, Moving toward a common goal via cross-sector collaboration: lessons learned from SARS to COVID-19 in Singapore, Cancel Dexamethasone in hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 preliminary report. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2. Isho, B. et al. Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, This empress was the most dangerous woman in Rome. The first data showing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 were included in the seminal paper by Zhou et al.1 published in early February 2020 that characterized patient-derived virus isolates. The damage exceeded a hundred billion U.S. dollarsthe costliest. Investigations. Microbiol. Grifoni, A. et al. Callaway, E. Russias fast-track coronavirus vaccine draws outrage over safety. Scientists quickly responded by explaining the findings and implications of these studies to clarify confusion71. Galani, I.-E. et al. Consistent with this, an open-label, phase II clinical trial that randomized 127 participants to receive either combination antiviral therapy (IFN1a injected subcutaneously every other day for 7 days plus lopinavirritonavir) or lopinavirritonavir alone showed that participants who received the combination therapy had more rapid clinical improvement and quicker time to viral control136. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association. Nat. Currently, it is unknown how long these autoantibodies persist and whether they can lead to autoimmune disease or whether autoantibodies have a pathogenic role in long COVID. 14 days: a timeline article. 129, 104511 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-021-00522-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-021-00522-1. J. In addition to disease stage, convalescent plasma therapy is further complicated by the diverse antibody titres of donor sera, the lack of standardized methods for measuring neutralizing antibody titres, and onerous requirements for both collection and transfusion of plasma. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. T.C. As millions of people will suffer from long-term debilitating disease even after the pandemic is controlled by vaccination, we must continue to improve our understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms and immunology of long COVID and other post-viral diseases. The storm's strongest winds are about 125 miles an hour (200 kilometers an hour). The storm is about 15 miles (25 kilometers) east of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and about to make landfall. Chandrashekar, A. et al. Research on students' ideas about history. Emerg. J. Med. JAMA 324, 294296 (2020). When does spring start? 11 a.m.: The National Hurricane Center issues its last advisory on the storm that once was Hurricane Katrina. Hydroxychloroquine, whichwas widely used early during the pandemic, was shown to have no significant benefits in RCTs as pre-exposure prophylaxis76, as post-exposure prophylaxis77,78, in patients with mild disease who were not hospitalized79, in mild to moderate disease80,81, or in patients hospitalized with moderate or severe disease82,83. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) re-infection by a phylogenetically distinct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 strain confirmed by whole genome sequencing. 34, 30113011 (2016). Science 369, 643 (2020). J. Med. Funding for FRONTLINE is provided by the Park Foundation and through the. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report 39. WHO https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200228-sitrep-39-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=5bbf3e7d_4 (2020). 26, 10371040 (2020). Given that there are more than 30,000 papers on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, the authors apologize to those whose work is not cited. Barton, K. C. (2008). 2) How would you prepare propanoic acid from prop-1-ene? Work in the Krammer laboratory on SARS-CoV-2 is partially supported by the NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) contract HHSN272201400008C, Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVIC) contract 75N93019C00051, and the generous support of the JPB foundation, the Open Philanthropy Project (#2020-215611) and other philanthropic donations. (within 30 days before the close of registration election) N.J.S.A. A study by Ng et al.72, first posted as a preprint in May 2020, detected cross-reactive antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in pre-pandemic sera from the UK, particularly in children and adolescents 616 years of age, having a high seroprevalence of 62%. Li, W. et al. Infect. Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications. Nature 584, 463469 (2020). October 12, 2021: Gabby Petito strangled to death, coroner says. It is well known that, for most RNA viruses, escape mutants can be relatively quickly selected under pressure from a single monoclonal antibody but that using two monoclonal antibodies avoids this issue. Reagents and protocols to better characterize these antibody responses were rapidly created and shared globally23. The duo, who tied the knot in 2018 . Wang, E. Y. et al. N. Engl. Much like a slicer for filtering data, you can insert a Timeline one time, and then keep it with your PivotTable to change the range of time whenever you like. Tao, Y. et al. As COVID-19 symptoms and complications expanded beyond pneumonia, April 2020 saw a surge inreports of neurological symptoms. Google Scholar. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines foster potent antigen-specific germinal center responses associated with neutralizing antibody generation. Diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for covid-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. c | In those individuals who are either genetically or serologically deficient in type I interferon, the replication of SARS-CoV-2 occurs unopposed, causing severe to life-threatening COVID-19. Abrir Cualquier Archivo Desde Excel Vba, These similarities between COVID-19 and both HLH and CRS made the IL-6 pathway an early target of both compassionate use therapeutic interventions and clinical trials in COVID-19, largely based on the success of monoclonal antibodies that target the IL-6 receptor (such as tocilizumab) in treating chimeric antigen receptor T cell-induced CRS in oncology41. Clin. Hydroxychloroquine in nonhospitalized adults with early COVID-19. CanSinos COVID-19 vaccine candidate approved for military use in China. The virus seemed to have potentially adapted to mink by introducing a Y453F mutation into the spike protein RBD (in addition to other mutations). Moore, J. 5 p.m.: The National Hurricane Center describes Katrina as a "potentially catastrophic" hurricane. Corman, V. M., Muth, D., Niemeyer, D. & Drosten, C. Hosts and sources of endemic human coronaviruses. An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019, and has spread throughout China and to 31 other countries and territories, including the United States (1).As of February 23, 2020, there were 76,936 reported cases in mainland China and 1,875 Timeline. Antibody status and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers. 384, 403416 (2020). Teachers College Record, 99, 478-513. Hurricane Forecasting, Storm Forecasting, Hurricane Predictions The authors did not observe full sterilizing immunity, as four of nine animals had detectable levels of viral RNA in the upper respiratory tract after challenge, although the levels declined rapidly and viral RNA was detected in only two BALF samples very transiently; protection correlated with strong humoral responses63. Completed Tracking Hurricane Katrina chart 2. Students can work in pairs, providing support through cooperative learning as well. There are many timeline examples that are commonly used for: Providing an overview of events. 9:30 a.m.: New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin issues a mandatory evacuation order. Weisblum, Y. et al. This variant carries several mutations, including N501Y in the RBD and a truncation of open reading frame 8 (ORF8)138. This may be a result of marked changes in amino acids (for example, E484K) that significantly modify the neutralizing epitopes for antibody escape145,146 and are mainly focused around the RBD as well as in the N-terminal domain of the spike protein101,102,103,147,148. Science 371, eabf9302 (2021). How to Create a Timeline in Excel: 4 Step-by-Step Methods - wikiHow In only a few hours, the storm's strongest winds have increased to about a hundred miles an hour (160 kilometers an hour). However, there was no evidence that dexamethasone provided any benefit, and indeed may lead to possible harm, among patients who were not receiving respiratory support. Nicol, T. et al. Borba, M. G. S. et al. Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. JAMA Neurol. Escape from neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants. On 11 March 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Circulation 135, e927e999 (2017). Children, medicated action, and the tools of historical time. A critical imbalance in the reninangiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance and systemic vascular resistance, was observed, including the reduced expression of ACE and the increased expression of ACE2, renin, angiotensin, kinogen and bradykinin receptors57. Cell 183, 143157.e13 (2020). Between January 15 and May 14, the students will This score is calculated based on Mean time to failure and Total usage duration (14 days). eLife 9, e58807 (2020). Garvin, M. R. et al. Many books of children's and young adult literature for older students, particularly nonfiction history, show timelines. Presence of genetic variants among young men with severe COVID-19. In addition, a small number of reinfections were starting to be reported89,90. Kuchroo, M. et al. 16, 636644 (2020). An excellent book to read aloud and have available for students to read in the classroom is How Children Lived (Rice & Rice, 2001). June 6, 1944 D-Day: Allied forces invade Normandy . Microbiol. Both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines were then authorized for emergency use in the USA and the Pfizer, Moderna and AstraZeneca vaccines were approved for use in the UK. UAE announces Sinopharm vaccine has 86% efficacy against COVID-19. Second, the detailed mutagenesis that was carried out helped us to quickly understand the natural variants that were to emerge later for example, with mutations at position 484 (present in the South African-origin variant lineage B.1.351) or the Y453F mutation in mink. Google Scholar. A clinical trial of 14 vs. 28 days of treatment showed no difference in outcomes, whereas another trial of 3 vs.14 days showed an increase in recurrence with 3 days of treatment. Based on these new data, the Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the UK issued an alert on 8 January 2021 encouraging organizations to consider prescribing either tocilizumab or sarilumab for the treatment of patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19 pneumonia46. Each student can begin with their date of birth and then make a list of the subsequent years of their lives, with at least one important event for each year. These include antibodies to cytokines, interferons, chemokines and leukocytes, which could directly affect the nature of antiviral immunity as well as antibodies to tissue-specific antigens expressed in the central nervous system, vasculature, connective tissues, cardiac tissue, hepatic tissue and intestinal tract, which could potentially cause antibody-mediated organ damage124. me. 14 days: a timeline article - duckbetgrand.com 20, 335337 (2020). Former Rule 14 twice refers to counterclaims under Rule 13. The interaction between SARS-CoV and ACE2 was known to be mediated by the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV spike protein. Cavalcanti, A. Seow, J. et al. An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study. Kawasaki disease is a vasculitis of the medium-sized arteries, with highest incidence in children younger than 5 years of age. Symptoms typically appeared within five days for early variants, and within four days for the Delta variant. Emerg. Tleyjeh, I. M. et al. Finally, epidemiological evidence from these early cases indicated that COVID-19 is more likely to affect older males with comorbidities such as chronic diseases, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, endocrine system diseases, digestive system diseases, respiratory system diseases, malignant tumours and nervous system diseases12. Huang et al.7 had raised concerns about the potential for person-to-person transmission, and a study of a family cluster in Shenzhen, China, by Chan et al.9 showed that five infected individuals who had recently returned from Wuhan most likely infected a sixth family member who had not travelled to the affected region. Dis. Tang, W. et al. Lancet 395, 507513 (2020). Most primitive tribes used a dawn-to-dawn reckoning, calling a succession of days so many dawns, or suns. Lancet 395, 514523 (2020). Wlfel, R. et al. Mathew, D. et al. Seasonal human coronavirus antibodies are boosted upon SARS-CoV-2 infection but not associated with protection. Barton, K. C., & Levstik, L. S. (1998). BMJ 369, m1849 (2020). Downward trajectory of confirmed COVID-19 cases over a 14-day period. 26, 10701076 (2020). Dozens of carefully selected booklists, for kids 0-12 years old, Nonfiction for Kids Depicting temporal relations. Effective Use of Timelines in Nonfiction Articles - Writers Write . Although the precise mechanisms of these neurological symptoms are unknown, infection of the central nervous system bySARS-CoV-2 and inflammation are likelyto have a role37. PubMed Gender, race and parenthood impact academic productivity during the COVID-19 pandemic: from survey to action. Immunity 53, 925933.e4 (2020). The weather system is about 350 miles (560 kilometers) east of Miami. Combined with a report of severe COVID-19 infection in four young male patients who have loss-of-function TLR7 mutations128, these two studies show that inborn errors in innate sensors or their downstream interferon signalling pathways are associated with severe COVID-19. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Orthogonal SARS-CoV-2 serological assays enable surveillance of low-prevalence communities and reveal durable humoral immunity. Rev. SARS-CoV-2 transmission between mink (Neovison vison) and humans, Denmark. calendar, any system for dividing time over extended periods, such as days, months, or years, and arranging such divisions in a definite order. JAMA 324, 259269 (2020). Novavax. Adv. Virol. Its strongest winds are about 75 miles an hour (120 kilometers an hour), and its eye is about 70 miles (115 kilometers) northwest of Key Largo. value parameter cannot be parsed to number. answered Materials Computer with Internet access 14 Days: A Timeline article Assignment Instructions For this project, you are expected to submit two (2) items: 1. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients: a living systematic review and meta-analysis. Completed Tracking Hurricane Katrina chart 2. says it will take effect in 14 days. They came at the same time. Many visitors to Iceland spend just 3-4 days, often as a stopover from either North America or continental Europe.While this is enough to give you the briefest taste of Iceland, spending one-week, or up to two-weeks in Iceland will allow you to truly experience the raw beauty of the country.. That number rose to 50% after 14 days. Juno, J. Libster, R. et al. "We went to bed last night expecting some possible rain and woke up this morning to learn that Katrina was 75 miles [120 kilometers] north of Marathon [Florida]," says Dan Gallagher, resident of Grassy Key. Zhu, N. et al. 100, 163188 (2018). J. Med. JAMA 324, 460470 (2020). In all three grades, the study of a period of history can begin with the students' own community: for example, 100 Years of Our Town. This may occur in older adults or after high-dose viral exposure. Nature 584, 457462 (2020). Timelines as a teaching strategy can help students construct an understanding of historical events over time, even the youngest students.